Soya is one of the oldest cultivated plants. The history of cultivation of this crop is estimated at least five thousand years. On the cultivation of soybean is referred to in the very early Chinese literature, for the period 3 - 4 thousand years BC. Another country where the soybean was introduced to the culture and become an important food plant species, has become Korea. On the Japanese island of the first samples of soybeans fell later in the city 500 BC. e. - 400 g. Mr. e.
The first study of soybean in the U.S. were held in 1804 in Pennsylvania and in 1829 in Massachusetts. By 1890, most advanced institutions of this country have placed experiments with soy. In 1898 the U.S. was transported large number of samples of soybean varieties from Asia and Europe, then started the deliberate breeding and cultivation of the industrial culture. In 1907 the area under soy in the United States has accounted for about 20 thousand hectares. In the early 30-ies of the XX century, the area under soy in the country exceeded 1 million hectares.
The seeds of soybean, sometimes called soya beans - widespread food, known as early as the third millennium BC. e. Union often called miracle plant - partly due to high content of vegetable protein, an average of about 40% of the mass of seed, but the individual classes reach 48-50%, in much the same animal, thanks in part to the relatively high yields. As a result, soybean is also member of a certain animal feeds.
Soybean - a plant family of pulses, known in China since 29 century BC. For the peoples of Southeast Asia, soy is the basis of national cuisine. According to the composition and biological value of soy protein is equivalent protein substitute for meat and fish.
Soybean - Low calorific product, which is easily absorbed. The composition of soybeans are 20 essential amino acids, vitamins A, B, E, K, P and others, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron. In addition, there are fitaty Soe, who, along with fiber, linked toxins and radioactive elements and pull them out of the body, and - enzyme inhibitors, which prevent the development of cancer.
The types of soy products
The range of soy products rather large - so different types of soy meat, milk powder, butter, a variety of sauces, soy flour, which bake tasty biscuits. By the way fishermen use soy flour for cooking dough-bait - experts say that the fish she really likes.
Soy milk
Used in infant nutrition, recommends that in gastritis and diabetes. If you have a month to drink on an empty stomach at least a half liters of soy milk - can feel a significant easing in the stomach ulcer. Sour soy milk is also very tasty, but if you add to it more and spoon jam - will be a wonderful and useful yogurt.
Soy oil
Very helpful to those who have problems with the kidneys, nervous system, metabolism, weakening immunity. Especially tasty soy oil in salad.
Soy beverages
There is a special soy beverages intended for the treatment of the body, increasing body weight - especially their respect for body-builder. Because soybeans are doing, even candy, gozinaki and type of pistachio nuts.
Semi
Also, soy products manufactured from a variety of products: milk, cheese (tofu), minced (Okara). Shelf life of such products was 72 hours in the refrigerator and up to 3 months in the freezer.
The secrets of cooking soybeans
All types of soy meat sold in dry form, and before preparing their need to boil for 20 minutes in a well salt water (2 teaspoons salt to 1 liter of water), and then filter through colander and washed with water. Soybean well swell when cooking, so a 100 grams of soybean enough for a meal for two people.
For those who can not eat eggs post, it is useful to know that soy flour are their substitutes: 1 tablespoon soy flour + 2 tablespoonfuls of water = one egg.
Therapeutic use of soybean:
Diseases of the circulatory system
1. Eating soy lowers cholesterol levels, preventing coronary disease.
2. Soya contains lecithin, which protects the liver, dissolves cholesterol and slows the effects of high cholesterol.
3. Soya reduces curtailment blood, preventing stroke and myocardial infarction.
Tumor disease
1. A large number of fitoestragen in soybean reduces the risk of breast cancer in women and prostate cancer and colon in men.
Bone disease
1. Protein soybeans containing naturally isoflavons, has a positive influence on the composition and concentration of mineral elements in the bones, thus decreasing the incidence of osteoporosis.
Soybean and menopause
1. Fitoestragen contained in soy protein, soften ailments menopause-related hormonal irregularities exchange.
Recommended daily eating 25 grams of soy protein as part of a diet that reduce the risk of heart diseases.
The composition of ash elements of soybean seeds are:
Macro (in mg per 100 g of seeds):
Potassium - 1607
Phosphorus - 603
Calcium - 348
Magnesium - 226
Sulfur - 214
Silicon - 177
Chlorine - 64
Sodium - 44
Trace elements (in micrograms per 100 grams):
Hardware - 9670
Manganese - 2800
Bor - 750
Aluminum - 700
Copper - 500
Nickel - 304
Molybdenum - 99
Cobalt - 31.2
Iodine - 8.2
In soya grain contains a number of vitamins:
Vitamins (in mg per 100 g):
β-carotene - 0.15 - 0.20
Vitamin E - 17.3
Pyridoxine (B6) - 0,7 - 1,3
Niacin (RR) - 2,1 - 3,5
Pantothenic acid (B3) - 1,3 - 2,23
Riboflavin (B2) - 0.22 - 0.38
Thiamin (B1) - 0,94 - 1,8
Choline - 270
And also (in micrograms per 100 grams of grain):
Biotin - 6,0 - 9,0
Folic acid - 180 - 200.
